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Využití hlasovacího systému Demokracie 21
Jirásková, Michaela
The thesis is focused on application and use of voting system Democracy 21. The aim of the thesis is to create a simulation of voting system in Kobylí by using questionnaire survey and to evaluate its implementation in real life based on the survey results. First part of the thesis focuses on theoretical knowledge of public vote with purpose of comparing voting systems that are presented in this section. Second part introduces my own work. It contains the analysis of successful projects that used voting system Democracy 21 in Czech Republic, questionnaire survey among residents of Kobylí, evaluation of collected data and subsequent con-sultation of the collected data with representatives of the local authority.
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Arrow's Impossibility Theorems
Žárský, David ; Pražák, Dalibor (advisor) ; Vejnar, Benjamin (referee)
In 1950 Kenneth Arrow proved a famous theorem which states that if we impose certain rather natural conditions on an electoral system, then there must be a dictator amongst the voters. In other words, no electoral system is flawless. In this thesis we first formalise the notion of an electoral system and formulate the conditions we impose thereon. After laying out and proving the auxiliary theory, we show a more modern proof of Arrow's theorem which uses set ultrafilters. On the last pages we look into the case of infinite number of voters. In this case, it holds that there exists an electoral system fulfilling all of our requirements including nonexistence of a dictator. However, the problem of dictatorship in the infinite case doesn't completely disappear. We show that under certain circumstances instead of a dictator there exists an arbitrarily small dictatorial group as well as an individual whom we call an invisible dictator. 1
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Relation between Economic Situation and Political Stability
JAKLOVÁ, Kamila
The political parties use the economic situation of the state as one of their arguments in their electoral strategy. The aim of the thesis is to depict the impact of the economic situation in selected European countries on voters' decision making. Selected economic indicators, such as gross domestic product, unemployment, inflation, tax on personal income, balance of trade and debt are compared with the impact on voters' decision making in these countries with the application of Logistic Regression. This method determines the degree of impact of individual economic indicators on the political stability of selected countries. The data used in this work are based on the publicly available database of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in years 2007-2017. The result of the analysis determines appropriate economic indicators for political election strategies.
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White collar revisited - Millsean theory on impact of bureaucratization on social and economic development of western societies
Hampl, Petr ; Vlček, Josef (advisor) ; Matějů, Petr (referee) ; Žák, Milan (referee)
The first part of this thesis sums up ideas, which the author had published in his essays. These ideas are mostly focused on the relationship between the class structure of current western societies and economic policy preferred by the governments. The next part is dedicated to Charles Wright Mills, his sociological method, his contribution to sociology of 50th as well as his heritage for current sociological thinking. Three idea streams, which can be used for supplementing Mills' point of view, are explained: public choice economy (mainly its version of Gordon Tullock), new class theory and theory of business innovation. New typology of business innovation is developed in this part. The core of this thesis consist in discussion of Mills' propositions about the growth of bureaucratic organizations, birth of white collars as a massive social class and its impact on social structure, economic development and political development of western societies. Mills conclusions are looked on in the light of socioeconomic development during 60 years since the first publishing of White collar. They are also compared with key finding of idea streams mentioned above. Theory of impact of growth of big bureaucracy on economic and political development is formulated that specifies and supplement Mills' theory. The...
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Democratic legitimacy of politics: competence to suffrage and logic of election
Vorlíček, Jan ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyze legitimacy of policy. Its fulfillment should emerge from detailed inquiry of the essential sense of social institutions. The work is divided into three chapters therefore. The first chapter deals with law as a basic system of order of social relations. It explains its fundamental social goal (reducing transaction costs of social action) and its influence on the development of civilization. It discusses in detail the property rights as a fundament of any real legal system - both at the legal level and economic level (i.e. how the system of property rights coordinates social activities and allocates scarce resources, how it creates the elite, and when there is a fault efficiency of this process). The second chapter deals with the social obligations which are necessary condition for preservation of law. These obligations are labeled as taxes (as opposed to tributes that basis is not in the obligation to maintain the legal system and are only ransom inherently). Particular attention is paid to the fair distribution of these obligations (tax justice) and also to the impact of taxation on the development of civilization. The last (third) chapter deals with institutional framework of society, i.e. the exercise of public power and public administration (government...
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CSR as an effective tool in (not only) environmental issues
Škarda, Jakub ; Slavík, Jan (advisor) ; Vejchodská, Eliška (referee)
Diploma thesis is aimed on theoretical analyse of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and shows how it works in real life. Results of my study case (Patagonia) illustrate, that if the firms deal with the CSR in appropriate way, it can help to improve economic situation of the firm, it can also find some solutions in environmental crisis and improve social life of communities as well. This voluntary, inexpensive and effective instrument is compared with actions of public sphere in environmental protection. I analysed risks and cost efficiency of Kyoto protocol and biofuels and my results are, that these public actions on supranational level are costly, sometimes even purposeless, ineffective and risky from the point of view of economic school Public Choice.
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Socio-economic aspects in the programs of the parliamentary political parties
Bandasová, Jana ; Izák, Vratislav (advisor) ; Blažek, Petr (referee)
This bachelor work deals with socio-economic aspects of the parliamentary political parties before elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic in June 2010. Based on the analysis of selected socio-economic aspects was carried out the comparison of these aspects, both in the relationship between the parties of the right political spectrum and left political spectrum. In this work were used structural elements of Public Choice Theory, focusing on the median voter. Delimitation of the definition of the median voter results from public choice theory. Through the identification and classification into a specific position in the political spectrum was made an attempt at the practical application of Public Choice Theory. Based on the available data and information this attempt can be considered certain objective findings.
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Cost-Benefit analysis of Public Projects
Paleček, Václav ; Toth, Petr (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Public projects are still subject of heated discussions, especially with the respect to their efficiency that is usually not sufficient enough. In spite of existence of many ways how to increase their efficiency, it is readily possible to identify one fundamental criterion which is high-quality information for decision-making. It is important to deliver high-quality information to those who make decision in order to reduce wastage of the public funds on not efficient public projects. All substantial information about effects incurred by project's realization can be offered by the Cost-Benefit analysis. The Cost Benefit analysis should be prepared for each significant public project to prevent from realization of ineffective ones. It is essential to process each Cost-Benefit analysis in required qualitative level for making right decision. Purpose of this thesis is appraisal of usefulness of the Cost-Benefit analysis for specific purposes of the public sector and assessment of indexes used in the Analysis. In the thesis will be introduced public projects, related public sector and evaluation of public projects. Subsequently, the Cost-Benefit analysis itself will be presented as well as steps for processing high-quality Cost-Benefit analysis. The emphasis will be focused at discount rate and its determination, since I consider it as the critical issue of the Cost-Benefit analysis. A practical example of the Cost-Benefit analysis will be presented at the end of this thesis.
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